The final chapter of this book deals with Gardner’s defense of his assertion that the existential should be considered the ninth intelligence. Rather than viewing this as a religious matter, he merely reflects that we must be capable of coming to terms with our external existence. This potential intelligence deals within the realm of philosophy and the way in which we exist within our universe. A look at the criteria through which a concept becomes intelligence shows that existential fits the criteria of cultural value, developmental history, symbolism, savants who have displayed the intelligence, psychometric studies, evolutionary plausibility and brain research. While there are questions of controversy surrounding existential intelligence, these can be quieted by assurance that the topic does not cover religion, but instead world meaning. In addition, it has proven itself applicable to all topics, thus we as teachers will probably be looking at existential intelligence in the future!
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